When Should I Refer to

Fife Injury Therapy?

Research indicates that even in cases where physical injuries are not severe, long-term psychological damage can occur. Therefore, early intervention via psychotherapy is crucial for restoring function and improving long-term mental health.

If your client is experiencing…

  • Anxiety, panic attacks, or driving phobias (common after auto accidents)

Clients may:

  • Avoid driving altogether

  • Only drive short distances or on “safe” roads

  • Feel panic when merging, braking, or at intersections

  • Become extremely tense as a passenger

  • Subtle Avoidance Behaviors

Not all avoidance is obvious, like “I won’t drive.”

It can look like:

  • Taking longer routes to avoid certain roads

  • Avoiding the time of day the accident happened

  • Skipping appointments or social activities

  • Reluctance to return to work (especially if driving is involved)

  • Depression, irritability, or withdrawal

  • Nightmares, flashbacks, or hyper vigilance

  • Chronic pain with a psychological component (e.g., pain catastrophizing)

  • Reduced ability to work or perform daily activities

  • Social withdrawal or isolation

  • Personality or behavioral changes

The Functional Impact of PTSD

PTSD in PI cases is best understood through how it affects daily life:

  • Difficulty commuting → impacts employment

  • Avoidance → limits independence

  • Emotional distress → affects relationships

  • Cognitive strain → reduces focus and productivity

Early referral is often ideal. It establishes a clean, credible timeline linking symptoms to the accident.

Early referral is recommended if your client…

  • Has a prior mental health history that can be scrutinized.

  • Had a traumatic mechanism of injury (e.g., violent collision, assault)

  • Had a significant life disruption (loss of work, strained relationships)


In short, refer whenever psychological injury is present, likely, or strategically important to document—and as early as reasonably possible to support both recovery and the integrity of the claim.